Effect of sound therapy on whole scalp oscillatory brain activity and distress in chronic tinnitus patients.

Introduction: Sound therapy is a common tinnitus treatment, where the tinnitus percept is either fully or partially masked by an external sound. Some tinnitus patients experience a decrease in tinnitus related distress after the use of sound therapy. Differences in the neural response to sound therapy may form a basis for classifying tinnitus patients. Methods: In this study, the long-term (2 months) effects of sound therapy on the oscillatory brain activity and tinnitus related distress were investigated in chronic tinnitus patients. Baseline oscillatory activity in the group of tinnitus participants was also compared to a matched control group. Results: No differences were found in the oscillatory activity when comparing the tinnitus group to the control group. Differences were found for the frequency range between 27.5 and 41.5 Hz corresponding to high beta and gamma power when comparing the tinnitus group before and after the use of sound therapy. Furthermore, a reduction of the tinnitus-related distress was found after the long-term use of sound therapy. However, there was no correlation between the changes in the oscillatory activity and the reductions of the tinnitus-related distress. Discussion: Overall, the lack of correlation between the changes in tinnitus-related distress and changes in power activity hampers the interpretability of the findings and undermines the utility of using oscillatory activity as a biomarker for the effect of sound therapy treatment.

The Short and Long-Term Effect of Sound Therapy on Visual Attention in Chronic Tinnitus Patients.

Sound therapy is one of the most common tinnitus treatments that can be used either to mask or to shift attention away from the tinnitus percept. However, the actual benefit of sound therapy and the mechanisms leading to the benefits remain limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term (15 min) and long-term (2 months) effects of sound therapy on visual attention in chronic tinnitus patients. Visual attention was evaluated with the behavioral Attention Network Task, while the tinnitus-related distress was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) to quantify the effect of sound therapy. The study included 20 participants with chronic and bothersome tinnitus (>6 months, THI > 18) and 20 matched control participants. All participants took part in a first session consisting of a baseline condition, a short-term sound therapy condition and a silent control condition. The tinnitus participants also took part in a second session that evaluated the long-term effect of the therapy. A reduction in the tinnitus-related distress was found after the long-term use of sound therapy. Furthermore, a reduction in the differential index of the executive control (EC) attention network, indicating improved attention, was found after long-term use of sound therapy in the sound condition but not in the silent control condition. In contrast to earlier research, no differences were found between the tinnitus group and the control group for the baseline measurement of the EC attention network. Overall, the results suggest that there is no link between the visual attention networks and the sound therapy's effect on tinnitus-related distress.

Broadband Amplification as Tinnitus Treatment.

This study investigated the effect of broadband amplification (125 Hz to 10 kHz) as tinnitus treatment for participants with high-frequency hearing loss and compared these effects with an active placebo condition using band-limited amplification (125 Hz to 3-4 kHz). A double-blinded crossover study. Twenty-three participants with high-frequency (≥3 kHz) hearing loss and chronic tinnitus were included in the study, and 17 completed the full treatment protocol. Two different hearing aid treatments were provided for 3 months each: Broadband amplification provided gain in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 10 kHz and band-limited amplification only provided gain in the low-frequency range (≤3-4 kHz). The effect of the two treatments on tinnitus distress was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) questionnaires. The effect of the treatment on tinnitus loudness was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) for loudness and a psychoacoustic loudness measure. Furthermore, the tinnitus annoyance was evaluated with a VAS for annoyance. The tinnitus pitch was evaluated based on the tinnitus likeness spectrum. A statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups (broadband vs. band-limited amplification) for the treatment-related change in THI and TFI with respect to the baseline. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment conditions for the annoyance measure. Regarding the loudness measure, no statistically significant differences were found between the treatments, although there was a trend towards a lower VAS-based loudness measure resulting from the broadband amplification. No changes were observed in the tinnitus pitch between the different conditions. Overall, the results from the present study suggest that tinnitus patients with high-frequency hearing loss can experience a decrease in tinnitus-related distress and annoyance from high-frequency amplification.

The Acoustics of Instant Ear Tips and Their Implications for Hearing-Aid Fitting.

OBJECTIVES: Today, approximately 70 to 80% of hearing aid fittings are made with silicone instant ear tips rather than custom earmolds. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of instant ear tips on the acoustic coupling between the hearing aid receiver and the individual ear canal, even though it can have a major impact on the overall sound of the hearing aids. This study aimed to investigate the acoustic properties of different instant ear tip types and their across-subject variability, the within-subject reliability of those properties, and the influence of the users' level of experience with ear-tip insertion on the acoustics. Furthermore, subjective ratings of occlusion produced by the ear tips were considered. DESIGN: Five types of instant ear tips (Open, Tulip, Round [2-vent], Round [1-vent], Double Domes) provided by the hearing aid manufacturer Widex were considered in this study. Probe-microphone measurements were performed at the eardrums of 30 participants (60 ears). In the first experiment, the real ear occluded insertion gain and the vent effect (VE) were measured, and the listeners rated the subjective occlusion experienced with each ear tip. In the second experiment, the same measurements were repeated six times per participant. The within-subject variability of the acoustic ear tip properties was investigated as well as the impact of the degree of users' experience with ear tip insertion on the resulting real ear measurements. RESULTS: All tested ear tips were, on average, acoustically transparent up to 1 kHz except Double Domes, which were only transparent up to 600 Hz. Distinct VE profiles were found for each ear tip type, but a large across-subject variability was observed for both real ear occluded insertion gain and VE. However, the within-subject reliability was high. The measured VE was highly correlated with the perceived occlusion. Finally, no significant effect of the level of experience in ear tip insertion on the acoustic properties of the ear tips was found, but the within-subject variability was larger in the less experienced group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the acoustic properties of instant ear tips and their coupling to the individual ear canal impact the resulting hearing aid fitting and should be considered by the hearing care professionals and reflected in the fitting software. The high within-subject reliability indicates that the ear tip acoustics remain stable for the individual in daily use. Finally, real ear measurements should be considered an essential part of the hearing aid fitting process in clinical practice to ensure an optimal fit for the individual hearing aid user.

Cross cultural translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index Questionnaire - (HISQUI19). / Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural para o Português Brasileiro do Questionário Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index - (HISQUI19).

PURPOSE: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19), and characterization of the target population and auditory performance in Cochlear Implant (CI) users through the application of a synthesis version of this tool. METHODS: Evaluations of conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences were performed. The synthesis version was applied as a pre-test to 33 individuals, whose final results characterized the final sample and performance of the questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The final translation (FT) was back-translated and compared with the original version, revealing a minimum difference between items. The changes observed between the FT and the synthesis version were characterized by the application of simplified vocabulary used on a daily basis. For the pre-test, the average score of the interviewees was 90.2, and a high level of reliability was achieved (0.83). CONCLUSION: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HISQUI19 questionnaire showed suitability for conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences. For the sample characterization, the sound quality was classified as good with better performance for the categories of location and distinction of sound/voices.

Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural para o Português Brasileiro do Questionário Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index - (HISQUI19) / Cross cultural translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index Questionnaire - (HISQUI19)

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento HISQUI19 (Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index), e caracterizar a população e o desempenho auditivo em usuários de Implante Coclear (IC) pela aplicação da versão síntese. Método Realizou-se a avaliação das equivalências conceitual, de item, semântica e operacional. A versão síntese foi aplicada como um pré-teste que contou com 33 sujeitos no resultado final, caracterizando a amostra e o desempenho do questionário. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultado A tradução final (TF) foi retrotraduzida e comparada à versão original, mostrando diferença mínima entre itens, e as modificações da TF para a versão síntese caracterizaram-se pela aplicação de vocabulário simplificado utilizado no cotidiano. No pré-teste, o escore médio entre os entrevistados foi de 90,2 e confirmou-se alto grau de confiabilidade interna (0,83). Conclusão A tradução e a adaptação do questionário HISQUI19 mostraram adequação para as equivalências semântica, cultural, conceitual e de item. Na caracterização da amostra, a qualidade de som foi classificada como boa com melhor desempenho nas categorias de localização e distinção de sons/vozes.

ABSTRACT Purpose Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19), and characterization of the target population and auditory performance in Cochlear Implant (CI) users through the application of a synthesis version of this tool. Methods Evaluations of conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences were performed. The synthesis version was applied as a pre-test to 33 individuals, whose final results characterized the final sample and performance of the questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically. Results The final translation (FT) was back-translated and compared with the original version, revealing a minimum difference between items. The changes observed between the FT and the synthesis version were characterized by the application of simplified vocabulary used on a daily basis. For the pre-test, the average score of the interviewees was 90.2, and a high level of reliability was achieved (0.83). Conclusion The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HISQUI19 questionnaire showed suitability for conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences. For the sample characterization, the sound quality was classified as good with better performance for the categories of location and distinction of sound/voices.

Evaluating the physical fit of receiver-in-the-ear hearing aids in infants.

BACKGROUND: In spite of early identification and intervention efforts achieved by Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs, many infants with hearing loss experience delays in early vocabulary development in comparison to peers with normal hearing (Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano, Sedey, 2000a; Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano, Sedey, Carey, 2000b; Moeller et al, 2007a, 2007b). One of the several factors that may contribute to individual differences in outcomes is inconsistent hearing aid use in this age group. This may be associated with the physical fit when using traditional behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids, since they are relatively large in comparison with the small and soft ear of an infant. Receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) hearing aids may be advantageous for use in pediatric fittings, since they are very tiny and lightweight and therefore sit comfortably on a small soft ear. PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a RITE hearing aid with an instant ear-tip especially developed for infants in terms of physical fit, stability, safety, and security of the device, as well as the use of retention tools (remedies for keeping the hearing aid securely on the ear) with this age group. RESEARCH DESIGN: A longitudinal study with hearing impaired infants fitted with RITE hearing aids was performed. STUDY SAMPLE: Eighteen infants with mild to moderate/severe hearing loss participated in the study. The age range was 2-36 mo. Sixteen infants had worn hearing aids prior to their participation in the study. INTERVENTION: Each hearing impaired infant was fitted with the RITE hearing aid and an instant ear-tip, the size of which was chosen by the audiologist. The infants used the device for a period of 2-5 mo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Audiologists and parents completed questionnaires at every visit (5-7 visits in total). Responses were obtained using a category rating scale (Stevens, 1975) from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 18 children completed the study. At the end of the study, 11 of the 16 children were using the instant ear-tip, whereas five children were fitted with the receiver mounted in a custom earmold. The audiologists rated the RITE solution to provide a safe, stable, and secure fit. The general trend was that ratings improved over time. At the final follow-up session, all median ratings were between 8 and 10. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the positive results obtained in the study, the use of an appropriately designed RITE hearing aid is recommended for infants.

[Teaching sign language to the families of the deaf: focusing the learning process]. / Ensino de língua de sinais a familiares de surdos: enfocando a aprendizagem.

BACKGROUND: According to bilingual education, only through sign language will deaf children attain linguistic and cognitive development, enabling them to learn a second language--spoken or written. However, it is also necessary for families to learn sign language in order to have a more efficient communication. AIM: To analyze methodological aspects of the teaching-learning process of Sign Language to family groups. METHOD: Transcription and analysis of video recordings were made. RESULTS: The practice of teaching of the deaf teacher modifies itself during the research period and his attitude influences the way by which parents participate. CONCLUSION: The teaching methodology used by the deaf teacher interferes significantly in the motivation/participation of parents, followed by the acceptance of deafness and sign language.

Reconhecimento de fala no ruído em jovens e idosos com perda auditiva / Speech recognition in noise background in young and elderly with hearing loss

Muitas pesquisas têm buscado investigar a interferência do ruído na percepção de fala de ouvintes. OBJETIVO: Este estudo foi realizado com a finalidade de pesquisar os efeitos da perda auditiva e da idade no reconhecimento de fala na presença de ruído, utilizando-se dois tipos de ruído. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Três grupos experimentais foram organizados, sendo um composto por adultos sem alteração auditiva, outro por sujeitos adultos com perda auditiva em freqüências altas e, por último, um grupo de idosos, com configuração audiométrica semelhante ao grupo de adultos com perda. Todos os sujeitos realizaram tarefas de reconhecimento de fala em silêncio, na presença de ruído branco de espectro ampliado e ruído "cocktail party", na mesma relação sinal/ruído (0 dB), em ambas as orelhas. RESULTADO: Os resultados mostraram que o ruído interfere negativamente no reconhecimento de fala em todos os grupos. O desempenho dos sujeitos com audição normal foi superior aos grupos com perda auditiva. Contudo, o grupo de idosos teve pior desempenho, sendo mais evidente com o ruído "coktail party". Observou-se também que todos os sujeitos apresentaram melhores resultados na segunda orelha testada, mostrando o efeito de aprendizagem. CONCLUSÃO: Estes achados apontam que a idade, além da perda auditiva contribui para o baixo desempenho de idosos na percepção de fala na presença de ruído e que o ruído "cocktail party" se mostrou adequado para esta investigação.

Utilização de julgamentos psicofísicos para investigação da inteligibilidade de fala no ruído em ouvintes com audição normal e perda auditiva / Using psychophysical judgments to investigate speech intelligibility in background noise in normal hearing and hearing impaired subjects

A inteligibilidade de fala no ruído foi investigada neste estudo utilizando-se julgamentos psicofísicos em grupos de jovens ouvintes com audição normal, e em jovens e idosos com perda auditiva. Foram utilizadas escalas intervalar e de razão para se estimar a inteligibilidade de sentenças apresentadas ipsilateralmente com ruído cocktail em diferentes relações sinal / ruído. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a inteligibilidade das sentenças aumenta conforme aumenta a relação sinal / ruído, nos três grupos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto a inteligibilidade das sentenças. As escalas psicofísicas foram válidas e confiáveis para mensurar a inteligibilidade de fala. Entretanto, outros estudos são necessários antes de sua utilização na prática clínica (AU)

Utilização de julgamentos psicofísicos para investigação da inteligibilidade de fala no ruído em ouvintes com audição normal e perda auditiva / Using psychophysical judgments to investigate speech intelligibility in background noise in normal hearing and hearing impaired subjects

A inteligibilidade de fala no ruído foi investigada neste estudo utilizando-se julgamentos psicofísicos em grupos de jovens ouvintes com audição normal, e em jovens e idosos com perda auditiva. Foram utilizadas escalas intervalar e de razão para se estimar a inteligibilidade de sentenças apresentadas ipsilateralmente com ruído cocktail em diferentes relações sinal / ruído. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a inteligibilidade das sentenças aumenta conforme aumenta a relação sinal / ruído, nos três grupos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto a inteligibilidade das sentenças. As escalas psicofísicas foram válidas e confiáveis para mensurar a inteligibilidade de fala. Entretanto, outros estudos são necessários antes de sua utilização na prática clínica

Questões preliminares sobre o ensino de língua de sinais a ouvintes: reflexões sobre a prática / Preliminary questions about the teaching of sign language to hearing people: regarding the practicing

O atendimento à pessoa surda na abordagem bilíngue tem sido defendido pela comunidade surda e por muitos profissionais que trabalham nesta área, educadores, fonoaudiólogos, terapeutas, intérpretes, todavia, para que a abordagem bilíngue se desenvolva é necessário que as famílias de sujeitos surdos, os profissionais que trabalham com eles e outros interessados aprendam a língua de sinais. O propósito deste artigo é discutir aspectos relativos aos ensino da língua brasileira de sinais - LIBRAS - como segunda língua, para ouvintes buscando contribuir para a implementação da proposta de abordagem bilíngue